Pronouns
2021年4月6日Download here: http://gg.gg/oy3ik
What are personal pronouns and why do they matter? In English, whether we realize it or not, people frequently refer to us using pronouns when speaking about us. Often, when speaking of a singular human in the third person, these pronouns have a gender implied - such as “he” to refer to a man/boy or “she” to refer to a woman/girl. There are a few different types of pronouns, and some pronouns belong to more than one category. She and her are known as personal pronouns. The other personal pronouns are I and me, you, he and him, it, we and us, and they and them. If you learned about pronouns in school, these are probably the words your teacher focused on.
*Reflexive Pronouns
*Pronouns List
*Prepositions
For a thorough understanding of Pronouns we need to know the following six things:
*what Pronouns are;
*their types;
(See this page on list of pronouns for a description of each type with examples)
*Grammatical Number (i.e. Singular or Plural);
*Grammatical Gender;
*Grammatical Person; and
You may like to see also the five things we need to know about Nouns.What are Pronouns?
They are words that take the place of nouns. They are substitutes for nouns.
It is painful for the ear to hear and the eye to read the same noun over and over again. When the same word is repeated often, we get irritated.
Here’s what I mean. Read the following paragraph about a former tennis star. Try to read it aloud.
Vijay Amritraj was a brilliant tennis player. Vijay Amritraj’s shots were graceful and appeared effortless. Vijay Amritraj had a great quality. Whenever an opponent made a good shot, Vijay Amritraj would applaud. It showed that Vijay Amritraj was a great human being. I am Vijay Amritraj’s fan even today.
Here I am trying to talk about brilliance and grace..
but see how tedious the language is
to read about those things!
Now let’s read that paragraph about Amritraj with a pronoun substituted for the name Vijay Amritraj every time it occurs, except the first time.
Vijay Amritraj was a brilliant tennis player. His shots were graceful and appeared effortless. He had a great quality. Whenever an opponent made a good shot, he would applaud. It showed that he was a great human being. I am his fan even today.
That sounds better, doesn’t it? Pronouns make things easier to read and hear. They are substitutes for bigger-looking or harder-sounding words.More Accurately Speaking..
Pronouns Are Substitutes for Noun Phrases
Look at these sentences:
*Boys like bikes.
*Those very smart boys like bikes.
*They like bikes.
The word they in sentence 3 is a substitute for the phrase those very smart boys in sentence 2. If the word they had replaced only boys, the sentence would have read:
*Those very smart they like bikes.
That would be an ungrammatical sentence. (The asterisk * indicates an ungrammatical sentence in English language teaching.)
So we know they are substitutes for noun phrases, not merely for single nouns.In grammar, even the single word boys of sentence 1 is considered to be a noun phrase.A Pronoun Has the Properties of a Noun
and More..
Since it takes the place of a noun, it must be like a noun. It has the grammatical properties of a noun and does the work of a noun.
Like a noun, it has number, gender and case. A fourth property which it has is that of person.Grammatical Number
A pronoun may be singular or plural.
*I, me, he, him, she, her, it, anyone, this, that, are all singular.
*we, us, they, them, all, these, those, are all plural.Grammatical Gender
It may be masculine, feminine, common, or neuter.
*Masculine - he, him, his
*Feminine - she, her, hers
*Common - they, them, theirs
*Neuter - it, its, that, thisGrammatical Case
Case refers to the different forms associated with the different jobs a noun or a pronoun does in a sentence. In the examples below, I show you the different forms of he performing different functions in sentences.
Chelsea bagwells teaching portfolioexit slip questions. My name is Chelsea Bagwell and I am a senior at James Madison University. I am majoring in Interdisciplinary Liberal Studies with a double minor in Elementary Education and Non-Teaching Special Education, with a concentration in math and science. I will be graduating with a Bachelor of Science in Elementary Education in May of 2013, and will be.
A pronoun can be..
*the subject of a verb, as in -
He helped the poor man.
*the object of a finite verb -
The boys saw him.
*the object of a non-finite verb -
The boys wanted to help him.
*the object of a preposition -
Give this money to him.
*indirect object of a verb -
The boys gave him the money.
*a word showing possession -
The blue shirt is his.
*or a complement after a linking verb -
It is he.
*or a word performing an appositive function -
The Company’s troubleshooter, he, solved this problem.
These various functions of pronouns become visible to us through the different forms they can take in a sentence.
Unfortunately, in English, we don’t have a unique form for every particular use, unlike in languages like, Sanskrit, Greek, Latin, or Hindi. There is no one-to-one correspondence between the different forms and uses.
In English, we economize on the number of forms! We make do with a few of them for the many tasks, I have listed above.
Read this page for more about..
Case forms and functions of nouns and pronouns.Person
Pronouns are divided into three grammatical persons.
They are:
*First Person - refers to the one(s) doing the speaking. (I, me, mine, we, us, ours)
*Second Person - refers to the one(s) spoken to, i.e. directly addressed. (you, yours)
*Third Person - refers to the one(s) spoken about, be they human, animal, vegetable, mineral, or abstract. (it, its, they, theirs, them.)
All nouns belong to the Third Person; so we usually don’t talk about person when referring to nouns.A Closed Set of Words
Pronouns consist of a limited number of words. You can’t keep adding to their number. Nouns are numerous and we can keep adding to a list of nouns.The Different Types of Pronouns
The page titled List-of-Pronouns will give you:
*the names of the different types;
*a description of each; and
*examples For Further Reading and Study..
From Pronouns to
English Grammar Lessons
English Grammar Home Page
The vast majority of people go by the pronouns sets “he/him” or “she/her.” A small but increasing number of people use “they/them” pronouns or another pronouns set -- sometimes simply because they don’t want to go by pronouns with a gender association (just as some folks go by “Ms.” whether or not they are married, because they don’t think their marital status should be a relevant issue), and sometimes people use pronouns that aren’t associated with one of those two most common (binary) genders because they are nonbinary (i.e. people who are neither exclusively a man nor exclusively a woman -- e.g. genderqueer, agender, bigender, fluid, third/additional gender in a cultural tradition, etc.).
Please note that many nonbinary people identify with the word “trans” (short for “transgender”), but that some do not; and many people who are trans are also men or women (binary). All people, whether they are trans or not trans (cisgender), whether they are men or women or nonbinary -- all people can choose to go by whichever sets of pronouns they are most comfortable with.
So, a great way to create and normalize space for people to share their pronouns is first to share your own. You can do this by saying, for example, “Hi, my name is Farida and I go by the pronoun ‘she’” or “I’m Yoshi and I’m referred to by ‘he/him’ pronouns.” See also the various pronoun sets people might use to describe themselves.
Sharing your own pronouns is a great idea, but it isn’t requisite. Keep in mind, however, that there is a privilege of appearing in a way that fits both your gender and the pronouns that many people associate with your gender. In other words, if people’s assumptions are correct, never having to name those assumptions begins to normalize the very process of making assumptions (which for others may be incorrect). Thus, sharing pronouns is a great way to disrupt the normalization and privilege of assumption.
If you are attending an event, you can write on your name tag the pronouns that you go by in the corner, near your name. Sometimes the pronoun alone is sufficient (e.g. “she”), though sometimes it is helpful if there is space to write “pronouns” first before listing which pronouns you go by (e.g. “Pronouns: he or they” -- note that some people are open to be referred to by multiple different sets of pronouns, as in this example).
If you are writing an email, you could include your pronouns in your signature line. You could also include a link to this website or another resource that helps people reading your email to understand why you are listing your pronouns. (e.g. write: “My Pronouns: they/them ~ See www.mypronouns.org to learn more.”)
You can also share your own pronouns by sharing a link to the pronoun you go by. Here are some of the more common ones:Reflexive Pronouns
If you use business cards, you can also include your pronouns, usually near or below your name, for example:
Jamaal Johnson
Pronouns: he/him
OR
Jamaal Johnson (pronoun: he)Pronouns List
There is no singular way to list and share pronouns. Many people say, for example, “she/her/hers” or “she/her” or just “she” and it’s generally understood that this refers to a larger set of pronouns (e.g. that includes “herself”) without having to list every one of those pronouns. You’ll also find on our resources page links to additional resources and items that one can get to assist in sharing pronouns.
When you share your pronouns, you may find that you get questions about what that this means or why you are sharing your pronouns. It may be very helpful to review the other sections of this website so that you will feel comfortable explaining the purpose of sharing pronouns.
Now that you understand how to share your own pronouns, let’s discuss how to ask other people their personal pronouns.PrepositionsContinue to the next section - Asking
Download here: http://gg.gg/oy3ik
https://diarynote-jp.indered.space
What are personal pronouns and why do they matter? In English, whether we realize it or not, people frequently refer to us using pronouns when speaking about us. Often, when speaking of a singular human in the third person, these pronouns have a gender implied - such as “he” to refer to a man/boy or “she” to refer to a woman/girl. There are a few different types of pronouns, and some pronouns belong to more than one category. She and her are known as personal pronouns. The other personal pronouns are I and me, you, he and him, it, we and us, and they and them. If you learned about pronouns in school, these are probably the words your teacher focused on.
*Reflexive Pronouns
*Pronouns List
*Prepositions
For a thorough understanding of Pronouns we need to know the following six things:
*what Pronouns are;
*their types;
(See this page on list of pronouns for a description of each type with examples)
*Grammatical Number (i.e. Singular or Plural);
*Grammatical Gender;
*Grammatical Person; and
You may like to see also the five things we need to know about Nouns.What are Pronouns?
They are words that take the place of nouns. They are substitutes for nouns.
It is painful for the ear to hear and the eye to read the same noun over and over again. When the same word is repeated often, we get irritated.
Here’s what I mean. Read the following paragraph about a former tennis star. Try to read it aloud.
Vijay Amritraj was a brilliant tennis player. Vijay Amritraj’s shots were graceful and appeared effortless. Vijay Amritraj had a great quality. Whenever an opponent made a good shot, Vijay Amritraj would applaud. It showed that Vijay Amritraj was a great human being. I am Vijay Amritraj’s fan even today.
Here I am trying to talk about brilliance and grace..
but see how tedious the language is
to read about those things!
Now let’s read that paragraph about Amritraj with a pronoun substituted for the name Vijay Amritraj every time it occurs, except the first time.
Vijay Amritraj was a brilliant tennis player. His shots were graceful and appeared effortless. He had a great quality. Whenever an opponent made a good shot, he would applaud. It showed that he was a great human being. I am his fan even today.
That sounds better, doesn’t it? Pronouns make things easier to read and hear. They are substitutes for bigger-looking or harder-sounding words.More Accurately Speaking..
Pronouns Are Substitutes for Noun Phrases
Look at these sentences:
*Boys like bikes.
*Those very smart boys like bikes.
*They like bikes.
The word they in sentence 3 is a substitute for the phrase those very smart boys in sentence 2. If the word they had replaced only boys, the sentence would have read:
*Those very smart they like bikes.
That would be an ungrammatical sentence. (The asterisk * indicates an ungrammatical sentence in English language teaching.)
So we know they are substitutes for noun phrases, not merely for single nouns.In grammar, even the single word boys of sentence 1 is considered to be a noun phrase.A Pronoun Has the Properties of a Noun
and More..
Since it takes the place of a noun, it must be like a noun. It has the grammatical properties of a noun and does the work of a noun.
Like a noun, it has number, gender and case. A fourth property which it has is that of person.Grammatical Number
A pronoun may be singular or plural.
*I, me, he, him, she, her, it, anyone, this, that, are all singular.
*we, us, they, them, all, these, those, are all plural.Grammatical Gender
It may be masculine, feminine, common, or neuter.
*Masculine - he, him, his
*Feminine - she, her, hers
*Common - they, them, theirs
*Neuter - it, its, that, thisGrammatical Case
Case refers to the different forms associated with the different jobs a noun or a pronoun does in a sentence. In the examples below, I show you the different forms of he performing different functions in sentences.
Chelsea bagwells teaching portfolioexit slip questions. My name is Chelsea Bagwell and I am a senior at James Madison University. I am majoring in Interdisciplinary Liberal Studies with a double minor in Elementary Education and Non-Teaching Special Education, with a concentration in math and science. I will be graduating with a Bachelor of Science in Elementary Education in May of 2013, and will be.
A pronoun can be..
*the subject of a verb, as in -
He helped the poor man.
*the object of a finite verb -
The boys saw him.
*the object of a non-finite verb -
The boys wanted to help him.
*the object of a preposition -
Give this money to him.
*indirect object of a verb -
The boys gave him the money.
*a word showing possession -
The blue shirt is his.
*or a complement after a linking verb -
It is he.
*or a word performing an appositive function -
The Company’s troubleshooter, he, solved this problem.
These various functions of pronouns become visible to us through the different forms they can take in a sentence.
Unfortunately, in English, we don’t have a unique form for every particular use, unlike in languages like, Sanskrit, Greek, Latin, or Hindi. There is no one-to-one correspondence between the different forms and uses.
In English, we economize on the number of forms! We make do with a few of them for the many tasks, I have listed above.
Read this page for more about..
Case forms and functions of nouns and pronouns.Person
Pronouns are divided into three grammatical persons.
They are:
*First Person - refers to the one(s) doing the speaking. (I, me, mine, we, us, ours)
*Second Person - refers to the one(s) spoken to, i.e. directly addressed. (you, yours)
*Third Person - refers to the one(s) spoken about, be they human, animal, vegetable, mineral, or abstract. (it, its, they, theirs, them.)
All nouns belong to the Third Person; so we usually don’t talk about person when referring to nouns.A Closed Set of Words
Pronouns consist of a limited number of words. You can’t keep adding to their number. Nouns are numerous and we can keep adding to a list of nouns.The Different Types of Pronouns
The page titled List-of-Pronouns will give you:
*the names of the different types;
*a description of each; and
*examples For Further Reading and Study..
From Pronouns to
English Grammar Lessons
English Grammar Home Page
The vast majority of people go by the pronouns sets “he/him” or “she/her.” A small but increasing number of people use “they/them” pronouns or another pronouns set -- sometimes simply because they don’t want to go by pronouns with a gender association (just as some folks go by “Ms.” whether or not they are married, because they don’t think their marital status should be a relevant issue), and sometimes people use pronouns that aren’t associated with one of those two most common (binary) genders because they are nonbinary (i.e. people who are neither exclusively a man nor exclusively a woman -- e.g. genderqueer, agender, bigender, fluid, third/additional gender in a cultural tradition, etc.).
Please note that many nonbinary people identify with the word “trans” (short for “transgender”), but that some do not; and many people who are trans are also men or women (binary). All people, whether they are trans or not trans (cisgender), whether they are men or women or nonbinary -- all people can choose to go by whichever sets of pronouns they are most comfortable with.
So, a great way to create and normalize space for people to share their pronouns is first to share your own. You can do this by saying, for example, “Hi, my name is Farida and I go by the pronoun ‘she’” or “I’m Yoshi and I’m referred to by ‘he/him’ pronouns.” See also the various pronoun sets people might use to describe themselves.
Sharing your own pronouns is a great idea, but it isn’t requisite. Keep in mind, however, that there is a privilege of appearing in a way that fits both your gender and the pronouns that many people associate with your gender. In other words, if people’s assumptions are correct, never having to name those assumptions begins to normalize the very process of making assumptions (which for others may be incorrect). Thus, sharing pronouns is a great way to disrupt the normalization and privilege of assumption.
If you are attending an event, you can write on your name tag the pronouns that you go by in the corner, near your name. Sometimes the pronoun alone is sufficient (e.g. “she”), though sometimes it is helpful if there is space to write “pronouns” first before listing which pronouns you go by (e.g. “Pronouns: he or they” -- note that some people are open to be referred to by multiple different sets of pronouns, as in this example).
If you are writing an email, you could include your pronouns in your signature line. You could also include a link to this website or another resource that helps people reading your email to understand why you are listing your pronouns. (e.g. write: “My Pronouns: they/them ~ See www.mypronouns.org to learn more.”)
You can also share your own pronouns by sharing a link to the pronoun you go by. Here are some of the more common ones:Reflexive Pronouns
If you use business cards, you can also include your pronouns, usually near or below your name, for example:
Jamaal Johnson
Pronouns: he/him
OR
Jamaal Johnson (pronoun: he)Pronouns List
There is no singular way to list and share pronouns. Many people say, for example, “she/her/hers” or “she/her” or just “she” and it’s generally understood that this refers to a larger set of pronouns (e.g. that includes “herself”) without having to list every one of those pronouns. You’ll also find on our resources page links to additional resources and items that one can get to assist in sharing pronouns.
When you share your pronouns, you may find that you get questions about what that this means or why you are sharing your pronouns. It may be very helpful to review the other sections of this website so that you will feel comfortable explaining the purpose of sharing pronouns.
Now that you understand how to share your own pronouns, let’s discuss how to ask other people their personal pronouns.PrepositionsContinue to the next section - Asking
Download here: http://gg.gg/oy3ik
https://diarynote-jp.indered.space
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